smsdaemon/serialport/SerialPort.cpp

/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2004 by Manish Pagey                                    *
 *   crayzeewulf@users.sourceforge.net
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
 *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
 *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
 ***************************************************************************/

#include "SerialPort.h"
#include "PosixSignalDispatcher.h"
#include "PosixSignalHandler.h"
#include <queue>
#include <map>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cassert>
#include <termios.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

namespace
{
    //
    // Various error messages used in this file while throwing
    // exceptions.
    //
    const std::string ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN     = "Serial port not open." ;
    const std::string ERR_MSG_PORT_ALREADY_OPEN = "Serial port already open." ;
    const std::string ERR_MSG_UNSUPPORTED_BAUD  = "Unsupported baud rate." ;
    const std::string ERR_MSG_UNKNOWN_BAUD      = "Unknown baud rate." ;
    const std::string ERR_MSG_INVALID_PARITY    = "Invalid parity setting." ;
    const std::string ERR_MSG_INVALID_STOP_BITS = "Invalid number of stop bits." ;
    const std::string ERR_MSG_INVALID_FLOW_CONTROL = "Invalid flow control." ;

    /*
     * Return the difference between the two specified timeval values.
     * This method subtracts secondOperand from firstOperand and returns
     * the result as a timeval. The time represented by firstOperand must
     * be later than the time represented by secondOperand. Otherwise,
     * the result of this operator may be undefined.
     */
    const struct timeval
    operator-( const struct timeval& firstOperand,
               const struct timeval& secondOperand ) ;
} ;

class SerialPort::SerialPortImpl : public PosixSignalHandler
{
public:
    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    SerialPortImpl( const std::string& serialPortName ) ;

    /**
     * Destructor.
     */
    ~SerialPortImpl() ;

    /**
     * Open the serial port.
     */
    void Open()
        throw( SerialPort::OpenFailed,
               SerialPort::AlreadyOpen ) ;

    /**
     * Check if the serial port is currently open.
     */
    bool
    IsOpen() const ;

    /**
     * Close the serial port.
     */
    void
    Close()
        throw(SerialPort::NotOpen) ;

    /**
     * Set the baud rate of the serial port.
     */
    void
    SetBaudRate( const SerialPort::BaudRate baudRate )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               SerialPort::UnsupportedBaudRate,
               std::invalid_argument,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    /**
     * Get the current baud rate.
     */
    SerialPort::BaudRate
    GetBaudRate() const
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    /**
     * Set the character size.
     */
    void
    SetCharSize( const SerialPort::CharacterSize charSize )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::invalid_argument,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    /**
     * Get the current character size.
     */
    SerialPort::CharacterSize
    GetCharSize() const
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error )  ;

    void
    SetParity( const SerialPort::Parity parityType )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::invalid_argument,
               std::runtime_error )  ;

    SerialPort::Parity
    GetParity() const
        throw(SerialPort::NotOpen) ;

    void
    SetNumOfStopBits( const SerialPort::StopBits numOfStopBits )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::invalid_argument )  ;

    SerialPort::StopBits
    GetNumOfStopBits() const
        throw(SerialPort::NotOpen) ;

    void
    SetFlowControl( const SerialPort::FlowControl flowControl )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::invalid_argument ) ;

    SerialPort::FlowControl
    GetFlowControl() const
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen ) ;

    bool
    IsDataAvailable() const
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    unsigned char
    ReadByte(const unsigned int msTimeout = 0 )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               SerialPort::ReadTimeout,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    void
    Read( SerialPort::DataBuffer& dataBuffer,
          const unsigned int      numOfBytes,
          const unsigned int      msTimeout )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               SerialPort::ReadTimeout,
               std::runtime_error  ) ;

    const std::string
    ReadLine( const unsigned int msTimeout = 0,
              const char         lineTerminator = '\n' )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               SerialPort::ReadTimeout,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    void
    WriteByte( const unsigned char dataByte )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    void
    Write(const SerialPort::DataBuffer& dataBuffer)
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    void
    Write( const unsigned char* dataBuffer,
           const unsigned int   bufferSize )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    void
    SetDtr( const bool dtrState )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;
    
    bool
    GetDtr() const 
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    void
    SetRts( const bool rtsState )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;
    
    bool
    GetRts() const 
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    bool
    GetCts() const 
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    
    bool
    GetDsr() const 
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;
    /*
     * This method must be defined by all subclasses of
     * PosixSignalHandler.
     */
    void
    HandlePosixSignal(int signalNumber) ;
private:
    /**
     * Name of the serial port. On POSIX systems this is the name of
     * the device file.
     */
    std::string mSerialPortName ;

    /**
     * Flag that indicates whether the serial port is currently open.
     */
    bool mIsOpen ;

    /**
     * The file descriptor corresponding to the serial port.
     */
    int mFileDescriptor ;

    /**
     * Serial port settings are saved into this variable immediately
     * after the port is opened. These settings are restored when the
     * serial port is closed.
     */
    termios mOldPortSettings ;

    /**
     * Circular buffer used to store the received data. This is done
     * asynchronously and helps prevent overflow of the corresponding 
     * tty's input buffer.
     * 
     * :TODO: The size of this buffer is allowed to increase indefinitely. If 
     * data keeps arriving at the serial port and is never read then this 
     * buffer will continue occupying more and more memory. We need to put a 
     * cap on the size of this buffer. It might even be worth providing a 
     * method to set the size of this buffer.  
     */
    std::queue<unsigned char> mInputBuffer ;

    /**
     * Set the specified modem control line to the specified value. 
     *
     * @param modemLine One of the following four values: TIOCM_DTR,
     * TIOCM_RTS, TIOCM_CTS, or TIOCM_DSR.
     *
     * @param lineState State of the modem line after successful
     * call to this method.
     */
    void
    SetModemControlLine( const int modemLine,
                         const bool lineState )
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;

    /**
     * Get the current state of the specified modem control line.
     * 
     * @param modemLine One of the following four values: TIOCM_DTR,
     * TIOCM_RTS, TIOCM_CTS, or TIOCM_DSR.
     *
     * @return True if the specified line is currently set and false
     * otherwise.
     */
    bool
    GetModemControlLine( const int modemLine ) const
        throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
               std::runtime_error ) ;        
} ;

SerialPort::SerialPort( const std::string& serialPortName ) :
    mSerialPortImpl(new SerialPortImpl(serialPortName) )
{
    /* empty */
}

SerialPort::~SerialPort()
    throw()
{
    /*
     * Close the serial port if it is open.
     */
    if ( this->IsOpen() )
    {
        this->Close() ;
    }
    /*
     * Free the memory allocated to the implementation instance.
     */
    if ( mSerialPortImpl )
    {
        delete mSerialPortImpl ;
    }
    return ;
}

void
SerialPort::Open( const BaudRate      baudRate,
                  const CharacterSize charSize,
                  const Parity        parityType,
                  const StopBits      stopBits,
                  const FlowControl   flowControl )
    throw( OpenFailed,
           AlreadyOpen,
           UnsupportedBaudRate,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    //
    // Open the serial port.
    mSerialPortImpl->Open() ;
    //
    // Set the various parameters of the serial port if it is open.
    //
    this->SetBaudRate(baudRate) ;
    this->SetCharSize(charSize) ;
    this->SetParity(parityType) ;
    this->SetNumOfStopBits(stopBits) ;
    this->SetFlowControl(flowControl) ;
    //
    // All done.
    //
    return ;
}

bool
SerialPort::IsOpen() const
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->IsOpen() ;
}

void
SerialPort::Close()
    throw(NotOpen)
{
    mSerialPortImpl->Close() ;
    return ;
}

void
SerialPort::SetBaudRate( const BaudRate baudRate )
    throw( UnsupportedBaudRate,
           NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetBaudRate( baudRate ) ;
    return ;
}

SerialPort::BaudRate
SerialPort::GetBaudRate() const
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetBaudRate() ;
}


void
SerialPort::SetCharSize( const CharacterSize charSize )
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetCharSize(charSize) ;
}

SerialPort::CharacterSize
SerialPort::GetCharSize() const
    throw(NotOpen)
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetCharSize() ;
}

void
SerialPort::SetParity( const Parity parityType )
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetParity( parityType ) ;
    return ;
}

SerialPort::Parity
SerialPort::GetParity() const
    throw(NotOpen)
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetParity() ;
}

void
SerialPort::SetNumOfStopBits( const StopBits numOfStopBits )
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetNumOfStopBits(numOfStopBits) ;
    return ;
}

SerialPort::StopBits
SerialPort::GetNumOfStopBits() const
    throw(NotOpen)
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetNumOfStopBits() ;
}


void
SerialPort::SetFlowControl( const FlowControl   flowControl )
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetFlowControl( flowControl ) ;
    return ;
}

SerialPort::FlowControl
SerialPort::GetFlowControl() const
    throw( NotOpen )
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetFlowControl() ;
}

bool
SerialPort::IsDataAvailable() const
    throw(NotOpen)
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->IsDataAvailable() ;
}

unsigned char
SerialPort::ReadByte( const unsigned int msTimeout )
    throw( NotOpen,
           ReadTimeout,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->ReadByte(msTimeout) ;
}

void
SerialPort::Read( SerialPort::DataBuffer& dataBuffer,
                  const unsigned int      numOfBytes,
                  const unsigned int      msTimeout )
    throw( NotOpen,
           ReadTimeout,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->Read( dataBuffer,
                                  numOfBytes,
                                  msTimeout ) ;
}


const std::string
SerialPort::ReadLine( const unsigned int msTimeout,
                      const char         lineTerminator )
    throw( NotOpen,
           ReadTimeout,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->ReadLine( msTimeout,
                                      lineTerminator ) ;
}


void
SerialPort::WriteByte( const unsigned char dataByte )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->WriteByte( dataByte ) ;
    return ;
}


void
SerialPort::Write(const DataBuffer& dataBuffer)
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->Write( dataBuffer ) ;
    return ;
}

void
SerialPort::Write(const std::string& dataString)
    throw( NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    mSerialPortImpl->Write( reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(dataString.c_str()),
                            dataString.length() ) ;
    return ;
}

void
SerialPort::SetDtr( const bool dtrState )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error ) 
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetDtr( dtrState ) ;
    return ;
}

bool
SerialPort::GetDtr() const 
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error ) 
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetDtr() ;
}

void
SerialPort::SetRts( const bool rtsState )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error ) 
{
    mSerialPortImpl->SetRts( rtsState ) ;
    return ;
}

bool
SerialPort::GetRts() const 
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error ) 
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetRts() ;
}


bool
SerialPort::GetCts() const 
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error ) 
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetCts() ;
}

bool
SerialPort::GetDsr() const 
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error ) 
{
    return mSerialPortImpl->GetDsr() ;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
inline
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SerialPortImpl( const std::string& serialPortName ) :
    mSerialPortName(serialPortName),
    mIsOpen(false),
    mFileDescriptor(-1),
    mOldPortSettings(),
    mInputBuffer()
{
    /* empty */
}

inline
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::~SerialPortImpl()
{
    //
    // Close the serial port if it is open.
    //
    if ( this->IsOpen() )
    {
        this->Close() ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::Open()
    throw( SerialPort::OpenFailed,
           SerialPort::AlreadyOpen )
{
    /*
     * Throw an exception if the port is already open.
     */
    if ( this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::AlreadyOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_ALREADY_OPEN ) ;
    }
    /*
     * Try to open the serial port and throw an exception if we are
     * not able to open it.
     *
     * :FIXME: Exception thrown by this method after opening the
     * serial port might leave the port open even though mIsOpen
     * is false. We need to close the port before throwing an
     * exception or close it next time this method is called before
     * calling open() again.
     */
    mFileDescriptor = open( mSerialPortName.c_str(),
                            O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NONBLOCK ) ;
    if ( mFileDescriptor < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::OpenFailed( strerror(errno) )  ;
    }


    PosixSignalDispatcher& signal_dispatcher = PosixSignalDispatcher::Instance() ;
    signal_dispatcher.AttachHandler( SIGIO,
                                     *this ) ;

    /*
     * Direct all SIGIO and SIGURG signals for the port to the current
     * process.
     */
    if ( fcntl( mFileDescriptor,
                F_SETOWN,
                getpid() ) < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::OpenFailed( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }

    /*
     * Enable asynchronous I/O with the serial port.
     */
    if ( fcntl( mFileDescriptor,
                F_SETFL,
                FASYNC ) < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::OpenFailed( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }

    /*
     * Save the current settings of the serial port so they can be
     * restored when the serial port is closed.
     */
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &mOldPortSettings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::OpenFailed( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }

    //
    // Start assembling the new port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    bzero( &port_settings,
           sizeof( port_settings ) ) ;

    //
    // Enable the receiver (CREAD) and ignore modem control lines
    // (CLOCAL).
    //
    port_settings.c_cflag |= CREAD | CLOCAL ;

    //
    // Set the VMIN and VTIME parameters to zero by default. VMIN is
    // the minimum number of characters for non-canonical read and
    // VTIME is the timeout in deciseconds for non-canonical
    // read. Setting both of these parameters to zero implies that a
    // read will return immediately only giving the currently
    // available characters.
    //
    port_settings.c_cc[ VMIN  ] = 0 ;
    port_settings.c_cc[ VTIME ] = 0 ;
    /*
     * Flush the input buffer associated with the port.
     */
    if ( tcflush( mFileDescriptor,
                  TCIFLUSH ) < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::OpenFailed( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    /*
     * Write the new settings to the port.
     */
    if ( tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    TCSANOW,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::OpenFailed( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }

    /*
     * The serial port is open at this point.
     */
    mIsOpen = true ;
    return ;
}

inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::IsOpen() const
{
    return mIsOpen ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::Close()
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen )
{
    //
    // Throw an exception if the serial port is not open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    PosixSignalDispatcher& signal_dispatcher = PosixSignalDispatcher::Instance() ;
    signal_dispatcher.DetachHandler( SIGIO,
                                     *this ) ;
    //
    // Restore the old settings of the port.
    //
    tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
               TCSANOW,
               &mOldPortSettings ) ;
    //
    // Close the serial port file descriptor.
    //
    close(mFileDescriptor) ;
    //
    // The port is not open anymore.
    //
    mIsOpen = false ;
    //
    return ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetBaudRate( const SerialPort::BaudRate baudRate )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           SerialPort::UnsupportedBaudRate,
           std::invalid_argument,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Throw an exception if the serial port is not open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current settings of the serial port.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Set the baud rate for both input and output.
    //
    if ( ( cfsetispeed( &port_settings,
                        baudRate ) < 0 ) ||
         ( cfsetospeed( &port_settings,
                        baudRate ) < 0 ) )
    {
        //
        // If any of the settings fail, we abandon this method.
        //
        throw SerialPort::UnsupportedBaudRate( ERR_MSG_UNSUPPORTED_BAUD ) ;
    }
    //
    // Set the new attributes of the serial port.
    //
    if ( tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    TCSANOW,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw SerialPort::UnsupportedBaudRate( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
SerialPort::BaudRate
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetBaudRate() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Read the current serial port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Obtain the input baud rate from the current settings.
    //
    return SerialPort::BaudRate(cfgetispeed( &port_settings )) ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetCharSize( const SerialPort::CharacterSize charSize )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current settings of the serial port.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Set the character size.
    //
    port_settings.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE ;
    port_settings.c_cflag |= charSize ;
    //
    // Apply the modified settings.
    //
    if ( tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    TCSANOW,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
SerialPort::CharacterSize
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetCharSize() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Read the character size from the setttings.
    //
    return SerialPort::CharacterSize( port_settings.c_cflag & CSIZE ) ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetParity( const SerialPort::Parity parityType )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Set the parity type depending on the specified parameter.
    //
    switch( parityType )
    {
    case SerialPort::PARITY_EVEN:
        port_settings.c_cflag |= PARENB ;
        port_settings.c_cflag &= ~PARODD ;
        port_settings.c_iflag |= INPCK ;
        break ;
    case SerialPort::PARITY_ODD:
        port_settings.c_cflag |= ( PARENB | PARODD ) ;
        port_settings.c_iflag |= INPCK ;
        break ;
    case SerialPort::PARITY_NONE:
        port_settings.c_cflag &= ~(PARENB) ;
        port_settings.c_iflag |= IGNPAR ;
        break ;
    default:
        throw std::invalid_argument( ERR_MSG_INVALID_PARITY ) ;
        break ;
    }
    //
    // Apply the modified port settings.
    //
    if ( tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    TCSANOW,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
SerialPort::Parity
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetParity() const
    throw(SerialPort::NotOpen)
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the parity type from the current settings.
    //
    if ( port_settings.c_cflag & PARENB )
    {
        //
        // Parity is enabled. Lets check if it is odd or even.
        //
        if ( port_settings.c_cflag & PARODD )
        {
            return SerialPort::PARITY_ODD ;
        }
        else
        {
            return SerialPort::PARITY_EVEN ;
        }
    }
    //
    // Parity is disabled.
    //
    return SerialPort::PARITY_NONE ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetNumOfStopBits( const SerialPort::StopBits numOfStopBits )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Set the number of stop bits.
    //
    switch( numOfStopBits )
    {
    case SerialPort::STOP_BITS_1:
        port_settings.c_cflag &= ~(CSTOPB) ;
        break ;
    case SerialPort::STOP_BITS_2:
        port_settings.c_cflag |= CSTOPB ;
        break ;
    default:
        throw std::invalid_argument( ERR_MSG_INVALID_STOP_BITS ) ;
        break ;
    }
    //
    // Apply the modified settings.
    //
    if ( tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    TCSANOW,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
SerialPort::StopBits
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetNumOfStopBits() const
    throw(SerialPort::NotOpen)
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // If CSTOPB is set then we are using two stop bits, otherwise we
    // are using 1 stop bit.
    //
    if ( port_settings.c_cflag & CSTOPB )
    {
        return SerialPort::STOP_BITS_2 ;
    }
    return SerialPort::STOP_BITS_1 ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetFlowControl( const SerialPort::FlowControl   flowControl )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::invalid_argument )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Set the flow control.
    //
    switch( flowControl )
    {
    case SerialPort::FLOW_CONTROL_HARD:
        port_settings.c_cflag |= CRTSCTS ;
        break ;
    case SerialPort::FLOW_CONTROL_NONE:
        port_settings.c_cflag &= ~(CRTSCTS) ;
        break ;
    default:
        throw std::invalid_argument( ERR_MSG_INVALID_FLOW_CONTROL ) ;
        break ;
    }
    //
    // Apply the modified settings.
    //
    if ( tcsetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    TCSANOW,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
SerialPort::FlowControl
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetFlowControl() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current port settings.
    //
    termios port_settings ;
    if ( tcgetattr( mFileDescriptor,
                    &port_settings ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // If CRTSCTS is set then we are using hardware flow
    // control. Otherwise, we are not using any flow control.
    //
    if ( port_settings.c_cflag & CRTSCTS )
    {
        return SerialPort::FLOW_CONTROL_HARD ;
    }
    return SerialPort::FLOW_CONTROL_NONE ;
}

inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::IsDataAvailable() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Check if any data is available in the input buffer.
    //
    return ( mInputBuffer.size() > 0 ? true : false ) ;
}

inline
unsigned char
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::ReadByte(const unsigned int msTimeout)
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           SerialPort::ReadTimeout,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Get the current time. Throw an exception if we are unable
    // to read the current time.
    //
    struct timeval entry_time ;
    if ( gettimeofday( &entry_time,
                       NULL ) < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // Wait for data to be available.
    //
    const int MICROSECONDS_PER_MS  = 1000 ;
    const int MILLISECONDS_PER_SEC = 1000 ;
    //
    while( 0 == mInputBuffer.size() )
    {
        //
        // Read the current time.
        //
        struct timeval curr_time ;
        if ( gettimeofday( &curr_time,
                           NULL ) < 0 )
        {
            throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
        }
        //
        // Obtain the elapsed time.
        //
        struct timeval elapsed_time = curr_time - entry_time ;
        //
        // Increase the elapsed number of milliseconds.
        //
        unsigned int elapsed_ms = ( elapsed_time.tv_sec  * MILLISECONDS_PER_SEC +
                           elapsed_time.tv_usec / MICROSECONDS_PER_MS ) ;
        //
        // If more than msTimeout milliseconds have elapsed while
        // waiting for data, then we throw a ReadTimeout exception.
        //
        if ( ( msTimeout > 0 ) &&
             ( elapsed_ms > msTimeout ) )
        {
            throw SerialPort::ReadTimeout() ;
        }
        //
        // Wait for 1ms (1000us) for data to arrive.
        //
        usleep( MICROSECONDS_PER_MS ) ;
    }
    //
    // Return the first byte and remove it from the queue.
    //
    unsigned char next_char = mInputBuffer.front() ;
    mInputBuffer.pop() ;
    return next_char ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::Read( SerialPort::DataBuffer& dataBuffer,
                                  const unsigned int      numOfBytes,
                                  const unsigned int      msTimeout )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           SerialPort::ReadTimeout,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Empty the data buffer.
    //
    dataBuffer.resize(0) ;
    //
    if ( 0 == numOfBytes )
    {
        //
        // Read all available data if numOfBytes is zero.
        //
        while( this->IsDataAvailable() )
        {
            dataBuffer.push_back( ReadByte(msTimeout) ) ;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        //
        // Reserve enough space in the buffer to store the incoming
        // data.
        //
        dataBuffer.reserve( numOfBytes ) ;
        //
        for(unsigned int i=0; i<numOfBytes; ++i)
        {
            dataBuffer.push_back( ReadByte(msTimeout) ) ;
        }
    }
    return ;
}

inline
const std::string
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::ReadLine( const unsigned int msTimeout,
                                      const char         lineTerminator )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           SerialPort::ReadTimeout,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    std::string result ;
    char next_char = 0 ;
    do
    {
        next_char = this->ReadByte( msTimeout ) ;
        result += next_char ;
    }
    while( next_char != lineTerminator ) ;
    return result ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::WriteByte( const unsigned char dataByte )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Write the byte to the serial port.
    //
    this->Write( &dataByte,
                 1 ) ;
    return ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::Write(const SerialPort::DataBuffer& dataBuffer)
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Nothing needs to be done if there is no data in the buffer.
    //
    if ( 0 == dataBuffer.size() )
    {
        return ;
    }
    //
    // Allocate memory for storing the contents of the
    // dataBuffer. This allows us to write all the data using a single
    // call to write() instead of writing one byte at a time.
    //
    unsigned char* local_buffer = new unsigned char[dataBuffer.size()] ;
    if ( 0 == local_buffer )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( std::string(__FUNCTION__) +
                                  ": Cannot allocate memory while writing"
                                  "data to the serial port." ) ;
    }
    //
    // Copy the data into local_buffer.
    //
    std::copy( dataBuffer.begin(),
               dataBuffer.end(),
               local_buffer ) ;
    //
    // Write data to the serial port.
    //
    try
    {
        this->Write( local_buffer,
                     dataBuffer.size() ) ;
    }
    catch( ... )
    {
        //
        // Free the allocated memory.
        //
        delete [] local_buffer ;
        throw ;
    }
    //
    // Free the allocated memory.
    //
    delete [] local_buffer ;
    return ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::Write( const unsigned char* dataBuffer,
                                   const unsigned int   bufferSize )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Write the data to the serial port. Keep retrying if EAGAIN
    // error is received.
    //
    int num_of_bytes_written = -1 ;
    do
    {
        num_of_bytes_written = write( mFileDescriptor,
                                      dataBuffer,
                                      bufferSize ) ;
    }
    while ( ( num_of_bytes_written < 0 ) &&
            ( EAGAIN == errno ) ) ;
    //
    if ( num_of_bytes_written < 0 )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // :FIXME: What happens if num_of_bytes_written < bufferSize ?
    //
    return ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetDtr( const bool dtrState )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    this->SetModemControlLine( TIOCM_DTR, 
                               dtrState ) ;
    return ;
}

inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetDtr() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return this->GetModemControlLine( TIOCM_DTR ) ;
}    

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetRts( const bool rtsState )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    this->SetModemControlLine( TIOCM_RTS, 
                               rtsState ) ;
    return ;
}

inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetRts() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return this->GetModemControlLine( TIOCM_RTS ) ;
}    


inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetCts() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return this->GetModemControlLine( TIOCM_CTS ) ;
}    


inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetDsr() const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    return this->GetModemControlLine( TIOCM_DSR ) ;
}    

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::HandlePosixSignal( int signalNumber )
{
    //
    // We only want to deal with SIGIO signals here.
    //
    if ( SIGIO != signalNumber )
    {
        return ;
    }
    //
    // Check if any data is available at the specified file
    // descriptor.
    //
    int num_of_bytes_available = 0 ;
    if ( ioctl( mFileDescriptor,
                FIONREAD,
                &num_of_bytes_available ) < 0 )
    {
        /*
         * Ignore any errors and return immediately.
         */
        return ;
    }
    //
    // If data is available, read all available data and shove
    // it into the corresponding input buffer.
    //
    for(int i=0; i<num_of_bytes_available; ++i)
    {
        unsigned char next_byte ;
        if ( read( mFileDescriptor,
                   &next_byte,
                   1 ) > 0 )
        {
            mInputBuffer.push( next_byte ) ;
        }
        else
        {
            break ;
        }
    }
    return ;
}

inline
void
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::SetModemControlLine( const int  modemLine,
                                                 const bool lineState )
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // :TODO: Check to make sure that modemLine is a valid value.
    // 
    // Set or unset the specified bit according to the value of
    // lineState.
    //
    int ioctl_result = -1 ;
    if ( true == lineState )
    {
        int set_line_mask = modemLine ;
        ioctl_result = ioctl( mFileDescriptor, 
                              TIOCMBIS,
                              &set_line_mask ) ;
    }
    else
    {
        int reset_line_mask = modemLine ;
        ioctl_result = ioctl( mFileDescriptor, 
                              TIOCMBIC,
                              &reset_line_mask ) ;
    }
    //
    // Check for errors. 
    //
    if ( -1 == ioctl_result )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    return ;
}

inline
bool
SerialPort::SerialPortImpl::GetModemControlLine( const int modemLine ) const
    throw( SerialPort::NotOpen,
           std::runtime_error )
{
    //
    // Make sure that the serial port is open.
    //
    if ( ! this->IsOpen() )
    {
        throw SerialPort::NotOpen( ERR_MSG_PORT_NOT_OPEN ) ;
    }
    //
    // Use an ioctl() call to get the state of the line.
    //
    int serial_port_state = 0 ;
    if ( -1 == ioctl( mFileDescriptor,
                      TIOCMGET,
                      &serial_port_state ) )
    {
        throw std::runtime_error( strerror(errno) ) ;
    }
    //
    // :TODO: Verify that modemLine is a valid value.
    //
    return ( serial_port_state & modemLine ) ;
}

namespace
{
    const struct timeval
    operator-( const struct timeval& firstOperand,
               const struct timeval& secondOperand )
    {
        /*
         * This implementation may result in undefined behavior if the
         * platform uses unsigned values for storing tv_sec and tv_usec
         * members of struct timeval.
         */
        //
        // Number of microseconds in a second.
        //
        const int MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1000000 ;
        struct timeval result ;
        //
        // Take the difference of individual members of the two operands.
        //
        result.tv_sec  = firstOperand.tv_sec - secondOperand.tv_sec ;
        result.tv_usec = firstOperand.tv_usec - secondOperand.tv_usec ;
        //
        // If abs(result.tv_usec) is larger than MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND,
        // then increment/decrement result.tv_sec accordingly.
        //
        if ( abs( result.tv_usec ) > MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND )
        {
            int num_of_seconds = (result.tv_usec / MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND ) ;
            result.tv_sec  += num_of_seconds ;
            result.tv_usec -= ( MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND * num_of_seconds ) ;
        }
        return result ;
    }
} ;